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III. Early Models of Atoms A) Rutherford Model of Atom (1911)
Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Model Based on Rutherford Experiment - www.CosmoLearning.com Rutherford Experiment - Molecular Expressions Alpha Particle Scattering - St. Mary's Physics Online Rutherford shot alpha particles at a thin gold foil to learn about the atom
Repulsive electrical force
Unexpected: Large deflection angles Indicates strong forces
Rutherford scattering applet
Rutherford Scattering - Michael Fowler Conclusions:
1) Most of the volume of the atom is
empty space (nucleus 1 x 10-15 m)
A neutron star is created when a massive star runs out of fuel and collapses. This tremendous gravitational collapse squeezes all the empty space out of the atom. Electrons merge with protons and create neutrons. The density of a neutron is so enormous that a teaspoon of a neutron star would weigh 200 billion pounds!!! If the atom were the size of a football stadium the nucleus would be the size of a bunch of grapes
That's why most alpha particles go straight through
2) Virtually all mass atom found in
the nucleus
3) Large, positive charge in the center of atom
That's why positive alpha particles were curved so strongly Black Holes - "Other Side of Infinity" Movie Trailer
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